Declining animals and plants: IELTS Task 2 essay #35, band 8.0

The issue of decreasing the populations of various animal and plant species has increasingly become a critical concern, which requires immediate attention. This problem, caused primarily because of habitat destruction due to urbanisation and climate change caused by human activities. However, they could be effectively addressed through measures such as implementing strict land use regulations and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

One of the main reasons for the loss of biodiversity is the destruction of natural habitats due to urban expansion. As cities grow and forests are cleared for agriculture or infrastructure, countless species are forced out of their environments, pushing many towards extinction. For instance, in some ecologically sensitive areas, skyscrapers and resorts are built to attract tourists. Over time, such developments remove green spaces, leaving wildlife without shelter or food sources. A solution would be to enforce strict land-use regulations and establish more protected areas, such as national parks and nature reserves. These measures would preserve ecosystems and provide safety

Another significant cause of this issue could be climate change, which is largely caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Rising global temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events disrupt migration, breeding cycles, and food availability for many species. For example, polar bears are experiencing severe habitat loss as melting sea ice shortens their hunting season and reduces access to their primary prey, seals. To address this, countries should commit to cutting greenhouse gas emissions by investing in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, and promoting sustainable practices like eco-friendly farming. Such steps would help stabilise the climate and reduce stress on vulnerable ecosystems.

In conclusion, the reduction in populations of various animal and plant species is mainly driven by habitat loss and climate change caused by human activities. By protecting natural habitats through strict land-use policies and reducing greenhouse gas emissions via sustainable energy and agricultural practices, it is possible to slow or even reverse the decline in biodiversity.